ubuntu自定义安装Mysql全记录

前言

记录一下MySQL 5.7版本的安装过程。

MySQL安装

一. 下载mysql二进制文件，进入页面： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
Select Operating System: Linux-Generic 并下载

二. 切换到root用户创建group和user

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql# groupadd mysql

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql# useradd -r -g mysql dba -s /bin/false mysql

三. 解压下载的Mysql,重命名

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql# tar -xf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql# mv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7.21

四. 赋予mysql操作权限

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# chown -R dba /data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# chgrp -R mysql /data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# mkdir mysql-files

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# chown dba:mysql mysql-files/

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# chmod 750 mysql-files

五. 初始化Mysql

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=dba
mysqld: Can't create directory '/usr/local/mysql/data/' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
2018-04-08T15:25:22.856110Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-04-08T15:25:22.856195Z 0 [ERROR] Can't find error-message file '/usr/local/mysql/share/errmsg.sys'. Check error-message file location and 'lc-messages-dir' configuration directive.
2018-04-08T15:25:22.856935Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21#

提示目录不存在，因为我的mysql目录是在/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21

所以，要指定数据目录和basedir并初始化。

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# mkdir data
root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# bin/mysqld --user=dba --basedir=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21 --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/data/  --initialize-insecure

2018-04-28T03:12:52.827802Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-04-28T03:12:53.883717Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-04-28T03:12:54.084754Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-04-28T03:12:54.150087Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 0aca257d-4a92-11e8-af3b-00163e089ff5.
2018-04-28T03:12:54.153185Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-04-28T03:12:54.153653Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

这里我使用了 –initialize-insecure 参数，不设置root密码。
如果是 –initialize ，会随机生成一个密码。

六. 开启SSL，生成密钥文件

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
2018-04-28 11:21:57 [ERROR]   Failed to access directory pointed by --datadir. Please make sure that directory exists and is accessible by mysql_ssl_rsa_setup. Supplied value : /usr/local/mysql/data

报错,需要修改配置文件。修改 /etc/my.cnf –datadir 属性,创建 my.cnf

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# vi /etc/my.cnf

MySQL配置文件简单版：

[mysqld]
# GENERAL
character-set-server=utf8
symbolic-links=0
basedir=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
user=dba
port=3306
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/data/mysql.pid
default_storage_engine=InnoDB

#LOGGING
log_error=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/log/mysql-error.log

#OTHER
open_files_limit=65535

[client]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/log/mysql-error.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/data/mysql.pid

定义的日志目录和文件手工创建一下，然后重新运行：

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
............................................+++
........................+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
....................................+++
.................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
..............................................................................+++
..........................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21#

更多开启SSL相关请参考官方文档: Creating SSL and RSA Certificates and Keys 七. 安全启动MySQL服务

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# bin/mysqld_safe --user=dba &

查看MySQL服务进程

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# ps -ef|grep mysql
root     14899 11849  0 15:20 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh bin/mysqld_safe --user=dba
dba      15135 14899  0 15:20 pts/0    00:00:00 /data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/bin/mysqld --basedir=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21 --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/data --plugin-dir=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/lib/plugin --user=dba --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/log/mysql-error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root     15201 11849  0 15:27 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

启动成功。

八. (可选项)加到系统服务

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

修改 mysqld 文件里的 basedir，datadir， mysqld_pid_file_path属性

连接MySQL

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# mysql -uroot -p
The program 'mysql' can be found in the following packages:
 * mysql-client-core-5.7
 * mariadb-client-core-10.0
Try: apt install <selected package>

安装客户端

root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# apt-get update
root@chenruiwen:/data/mysql/mysql-5.7.21# apt-get install mysql-client-core-5.7

安装完成后重新连接MySQL，输入密码时直接回车，登录成功。

修改 root 密码：

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string = password('123456'), password_expired = 'N', password_last_changed = now() where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

退出，重启即可。

前言

MySQL安装

连接MySQL

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